1959 – Lennart Segerstråle: ‘Art must be dangerous to evil’

By Mary Lean

04/05/2021
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Lennart Segerstrale

In 1959, a vast fresco – At the stream of life – was unveiled on the wall of the dining room of the Caux Palace. Its creator, the Finnish artist Lennart Segerstråle, chose the universal image of water to represent his vision of the Caux conference centre: a place where people come to the source to quench their inner thirst, and then take the water of life out to a thirsty world. In the centre, a dark figure bends to see himself mirrored in the well and rises, transformed, radiant with life.

Then aged 68, Lennart Segerstråle was Finland’s most famous animal painter, and well-known for his monumental frescos and murals. The Finnish National Gallery, which owns 105 of his works, describes the ‘juxtaposition of good and evil’  as a central theme.

‘Segerstråle’s works dealt with many of the moral issues of the post-war period, such as the problems of developing countries, racial conflicts and environmental issues,’ states their website. Segerstråle himself maintained that ‘the art of the future must be dangerous to evil’.

 

Lennart Segerstrale fresco dining-room making of 1959
Creating the fresco, 1959

 

Just before World War II, Segerstråle had taken part in a Moral Re-Armament (now Initiatives of Change) conference in Aulanko, Finland, which had seen reconciliations between people bitterly divided by Finland’s civil war, 20 years earlier. This helped to reunite the country before Soviet Russia invaded, later that year. Segerstråle said that he painted the fresco in Caux in gratitude for what Moral Re-Armament (MRA) had done for Finland.

Among Segerstråle’s best known works are his frescos in the Bank of Finland in Helsinki and in Varkaus main church. The latter, at 242 square metres, is believed to be the largest fresco in Scandinavia.

If work on a fresco is interrupted for even a few hours, the whole section has to be redone – but he was prepared to take that risk.

An MRA friend, Paul Gundersen, visited him while he was working on it: ‘He used a scaffold on railway tracks to move back and forth along the wall. He had just interupted his work and was talking to a woman, who had come to ask for personal help. If work on a fresco is interrupted for even a few hours, the whole section has to be redone – but he was prepared to take that risk.’

 

Lennart Segerstrale fresco dining-room
Lennart Segerstråle (right) with Molle-Cecilie Major and Peter Lotar in Caux, 1970

 

In 1970, Segerstråle was one of a group of artists from many disciplines who met in Caux. The conference led to a book, New Life for Art, to which Segerstråle contributed a paper. ‘The most basic of all facts about art is that the man and the art are one person,’ he stated. Personal factors such as fear of the critics or ‘a wrong ambition’ could sap creativity: ‘there can be many enemies in me which spoil my work’.

The most basic of all facts about art is that the man and the art are one person.

He gave the example of working with a woman assistant on a church fresco. ‘One day we were trying out the colours for the next surface. We each did some, and compared them. I saw at once that my colleague’s colours were better than mine, but I decided we should go ahead with my choice. My colleague silently assented. But there was no joy in it. Teamwork did not flow. The result grew visibly worse.’  On the third day, he finally admitted his jealousy to his colleague, apologized and asked their horrified mason to resurface the wall so they could start again. 

 

Lennart Segerstråle (centre) in front of the fresco
Lennart Segerstråle (centre) in front of the Caux fresco

 

As a Christian, Segerstråle saw his art, regardless of theme, as an expression of his relationship with God. He was generous in his support of MRA, giving the fee from one of his commissions  – nearly half a year’s income – for the dubbing of the film Freedom into Swahili (see 1955). Gundersen maintained that his loyalty to MRA, at a controversial time, cost Segerstråle a Presidential award.

‘Maybe it was understandable that some of those close to Lennart felt that his Christian commitment stole too much of his time,’ Gundersen wrote. ‘Lennart once told me that these critics did not grasp what was the deepest well of his inspiration.’

That well is also the focus of his fresco at Caux.

 

Throught the years, artists of all disciplines have been inspired by Lennart Segerstråle's concept of ‘art that is dangerous to evil’. Many of them are preparing to celebrate Caux’s 75 Years of Encounters this year. A series of arts events will be launched with an online event on 29 May. Stay tuned and watch this space for a variety of performances, artistic presentations and workshops throughout the year!

 

Art reflects the spirit of the times. It is a part of the present, but it also looks to the future and helps to shape it. It reports upon the fate of mankind.

Lennart Segerstråle

________________________________________________________________________

 

Lennart segerstrale fresco dining-room Lifted up

Left:

In the centre of the fresco, a figure looks into the mirror of the well of life and finds himself filled with darkness. A change takes place in his heart, and he rises, radiant with light, with his eyes open to a new world and a new life. Five figures behind him carry the living water to the five continents.

 

 

Lennart segerstrale fresco dining-room Helping

Right:

The antelopes in the foreground and the figures carrying bowls represent the millions who long to reach the well. In the foreground an African offers his bowl of water to a sick white man: a symbol of Africa bringing healing to a western world which has lost its way.

 

 

Lennart segerstrale fresco dining-room Lifted up

Left:

People from different races and continents stream to the water, extending their hands in reconciliation. The children hold a frond of the palm of peace.

 

 

 

Lennart segerstrale fresco dining-room Family

Right:

The four snakes in the bottom right corner represent the internal enemies which poison people’s hearts. Mother and father protect their children, raising a spear to attack. They are taking a stand in the battle between good and evil, truth and falsehood.

 

 

Discover a full description of the different scenes of the fresco.

 

 

 

________________________________________________________________________

 

This story is part of our series 75 Years of Stories about individuals who found new direction and inspiration through Caux, one for each year from 1946 to 2021. If you know a story appropriate for this series, please do pass on your ideas by email to John Bond or Yara Zhgeib. If you would like to know more about the early years of Initiatives of Change and the conference centre in Caux please click here and visit the platform For A New World.

 

  • Incorrigibly Independent, Paul Gundersen, Caux Books, 1999
  • New Life for Art, Victor Sparre Grosvenor Books, 1971
  • Portrait (teaser): Jan Franzon
  • Photo 1970 in Caux with friends: Lars Rengfelt
  • Photo top, portrait, L.S. painting fresco, with fresco: Initiatives of Change
  • Photos 4 scenes: Cindy Bühler
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1958 - Angela Elliott: At school in Caux

28/04/2021
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The 1950s and 1960s were a time of expansion for Moral Re-Armament (now Initiatives of Change), with teams of people working all over the world for reconciliation and peace in the wake of World War II. Huge casts of plays and musical shows travelled the globe and conference centres were established in Latin America, India, Japan and several countries in Africa (see 'Our Story').

Among those working full time for Moral Re-Armament (MRA) were couples with young children. A school was opened in Caux to enable the parents to travel when needed  – sometimes to other continents – and to offer the children stability and an education. In an era when air travel was expensive and rare, many of the children did not see their parents for months or even years at a time.

It was a big sacrifice for parents and children alike. While some of the children kept good memories from their time at the Caux School, for others it was a very difficult period.

Mary Lean and Elisabeth Peters write:

 

Caux school 1
Children and teachers of the Caux School, 1962: Marion seated centre, Angela behind her, right.

 

Angela Cook (later Elliott) arrived in Caux in 1958, aged four. She spent the next five years there, while her parents worked with MRA in Germany, Asia and the US. She was one of some 40 children who lived in Caux at different times between 1955 and 1965, attending the small chalet school just up the mountain from the conference centre.

For Angela, the separation from her parents was eased by the ‘utterly dependable care’ of the young Englishwoman who looked after her, Jill Dunn (later Loughman). For others, it was hard to bear.

Singing lessons
Caux school 2
Caux School, 1962
 

Why would a mother or father leave a small child for such a long period? Part of the answer lies in the urgency of the task they saw before them.

Many of the parents had lived through two world wars, and there was a real fear of a third. Angela’s mother told her years later that she had believed their work could help to avert another war: a potent motivation for someone who had grown up in Hitler’s Germany.

Angela’s mother told her years later that she had believed their work could help to avert another war.

John Bowlby’s work on the psychological dangers of separating small children from their mothers was only just beginning to be known at this time, and it is unlikely the parents – or the teachers or caregivers, all volunteers – knew of it. They believed that they were leaving their children in a safe place, where they would get a good education and that the sacrifice was theirs, not the children’s.

 

Caux school 5 Picknick Outing
Picnic expedition, 1957

 

And most of Angela’s memories are sunny: picking wild narcissi in spring; hiking and picnicking in the summer; falling asleep to the sound of cowbells; sledging down the curvy mountain road near the school; flying through a sparkling white landscape on her skis. In those years, conferences continued year-round, and interactions with people from all over the world gave the children wide horizons.

As a child, I never questioned the rhythm of these days. Only later did I begin to comprehend the cost of our long separations.

‘As a child, I never questioned the rhythm of these days,’ says Angela. ‘I knew of nothing with which to compare them. Only later did I begin to comprehend the cost of our long separations to me and my parents.’

 

Caux school 5 Skiing
Skiing lesson, 1956

 

Other children found the situation much more difficult. The absence of their parents, frequent changes in caregivers, and the demands of living in a busy conference centre cast a shadow over their childhoods and their adult lives. The boundaries between home and school were blurred, and they missed out on going home to someone to whom they mattered more than anyone else.

Caux school 5 Marion
Marion sledging

When Marion Porteous (born Manson) visited Caux in 2006 with her husband and grown-up daughters, she wrote in the visitors’ book, ‘In spite of the wonderful work of reconciliation, the children suffered. Perhaps our story will be heard one day.’

In 2009, Caux Books responded to this request by publishing Stories of the Caux School 1955-65, sharing the memories, both joyful and painful, of the children, staff and caregivers who spent those years at Caux.

 

Read more on the Caux School.

 

_____________________________________________________________

 

 

 

 

This story is part of our 75th anniversary. In this series we are telling the stories of people who have come to Caux since 1946. If you know a story appropriate for this series, please do pass on your ideas by email to John Bond or Yara Zhgeib. If you would like to know more about the early years of Initiatives of Change and the conference centre in Caux please click here and visit the platform For A New World.

 

Photos: Stories of the Caux School 1955-65, Caux Books, 2009

 

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1957 - Jessie Bond: 'I saw his greatness'

By John Bond

18/04/2021
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By John Bond

 

During the Second World War, my father served in tough places – behind the enemy lines in Burma, then amidst the brutal conflicts in Waziristan on what was then the border between India and Afghanistan. It was harsh treatment for a sensitive young man just out of university and he paid a price. His explosive temper in the following years was probably a symptom of what we now call post-traumatic stress disorder.

Jessie Bond 1945
Jessie Bond, 1945
Reg Bond 1945
Reg Bond, 1945

My mother found this hard to endure. Trained as a doctor, she had been drafted into the army and sent to India. There she met my father and they married at the end of the war. By 1957, struggling to cope with four children and her husband’s frequent outbursts, she was seriously thinking of leaving him. That year they went to Caux.

A conference was in full swing, and they lived into it all, though my mother was still wrestling with her despair. One morning she was in their room, taking time in quiet. My father was out on the balcony, looking out over the Lake of Geneva. They could hear a Muslim participant saying his prayers in a nearby room. Perhaps this reminded her of the happy times of their engagement and marriage in what is now Pakistan.

I saw his greatness, and I knew I would never leave him.

Whatever it was, as my father stepped back into the room, my mother told me that she suddenly saw him in a new light. Whereas she had been preoccupied with his faults, now – as she described it – ‘I saw his greatness, and I knew I would never leave him’.

 

Bond family with German and British friends, Berlin 1961
The Bond family with German and British friends, Berlin 1961

 

She learnt not to let his explosions depress her. And there were less of them, as my father discovered a new peace of heart. There was greater harmony in our home. This made a considerable impression on me, at the age of seven.

In the following years my father, still serving as an army officer, had his full share of stressful and dangerous assignments. But he coped with them differently. His Christian faith was real to him, and his love for my mother, and hers for him, was unshakeable. Probably this was a considerable factor in my decision, as a young man, to devote myself to the work of MRA – as it was known then – and Initiatives of Change. I knew first-hand that wounds of the spirit could be healed.

 

Reg and Jessie Bond 1984 in the Orkney Islands
Jessie and Reg Bond, 1984

I doubt if I could have coped, had I not seen my parents cope.

In my work I have taken part in numerous initiatives which have helped reconcile communities in conflict, and advance social justice. None of this has happened easily. I have had to face setbacks and challenges of many kinds, sometimes with traumatic events.

I doubt if I could have coped, had I not seen my parents cope. During their married life they worked in 10 countries on four continents. They faced hardship, danger and disease, but never lost their zest for life, and their spirit of appreciation which built warm friendships across cultural differences.

Caux played its role in this, and I will forever be grateful.

 

John Bond

John Bond is the Secretary of Initiatives of Change International. He lives in Oxford, England, and has worked with Initiatives of Change in over 30 countries. For five years he coordinated the Caux Forum for Human Security. Previously he was the Secretary of Australia’s National Sorry Day Committee, which enlisted a million Australians in initiatives to overcome the harm done to Aboriginal Australians by cruel and misguided past policies. For this he was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia. His latest book, Sorry and Beyond, co-authored with Aboriginal leader Brian Butler tells the story of the campaign.

 

 

___________________________________________________________________________

 

This story is part of our series 75 Years of Stories about individuals who found new direction and inspiration through Caux, one for each year from 1946 to 2021. If you know a story appropriate for this series, please do pass on your ideas by email to John Bond or Yara Zhgeib. If you would like to know more about the early years of Initiatives of Change and the conference centre in Caux please click here and visit the platform For A New World.

 

All photos: John Bond

 

 

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All I could think was ‘Am I safe?’

15/04/2021
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Temantungwa

Temantungwa Ndlangamandla was born in the Kingdom of Eswatini but lives in Taiwan. She participated in the Caux Peace and Leadership Programme (CPLP) in 2017, which she describes as a life changing experience. She enjoys discussions on women, culture and language and how they shape societies. This is her story.

I've never felt safe as a woman in my society. There is a tradition in my culture, where a boy follows a girl home while declaring his love for her. It is an ancient custom whereby a man wins the love of a woman by wearing her down. For the woman, it is often exhausting and frightening to live through. I say this because, as a woman, the moment a man follows you home, you are struck by fear of what might happen next.

I remember going through this ordeal. A local boy had taken an interest in me. I communicated to him that I had no interest being with him, but that did not stop him from declaring his love for me. I kept saying no and he persisted. I stopped and looked at him, trying to explain how it would never work out with him as politely as I could.

My culture had trained me that whenever I was speaking to a male, I had to be polite, respectful and humble.

I went home, believing that I had laid his fantasy to rest. However, to my surprise, as I rushed to the grocery store the following morning, he followed me. This went on for three months, and while I felt stalked, it was a culturally appropriate thing to do. I felt cornered and had no other choice but to inform my brothers.They laughed at me to my face.

I get angry because no one listened, no one took me seriously.

Being in my community, I could not tell my brothers the complete story. I could not tell them the hurled insults I had to endure every time I refused his advances. I could not tell them how he looked up my boarding school, and then came and asked to see me. I could not tell them how he got my number and threatened to hurt me. And when I dared to tell anyone my story, they laughed to my face.

They told me they would deal with it like men, but it never happened. I endured the harassment for a year until he moved away. I thought I had gotten over the ordeal until I saw him again in town. I froze and couldn't move. My body was stiff and heavily perspiring. It felt like a lifetime. I stayed like that until he left. I took another bus home as I was staying with my aunt and did not want him to know my new address. I could not sleep that night; all I could think was ‘Am I safe?’.

I still get angry when his name is brought up in conversation. I get angry because no one listened, no one took me seriously. It seemed like no one valued my safety, and I think of all the women who feel the same way.

I wish the world had more safe spaces for women and for men, to work together to build safe communities.

It wasn’t until I went to Caux that I found my voice. I discovered how to speak up against such unjust traditions and actively create safe spaces for women to talk about issues affecting them within their culture. Through reflection and open dialogues, I’ve found there are opportunities for men and women to address cultural stereotypes that affect them.

I wish the world had more safe spaces for women and for men, to work together to build safe communities.

 

You would like to read more on this topic? Discover a conversation between men around gender and safety.

 

____________________________________________________________________

 

The Caux Peace and Leadership Talks (CPLP Talks) are an online space where stories can be shared and connections made. This series is hosted and facilitated by the Caux Peace and Leadership Programme Alumni as a two-way discussion. It offers an opportunity to listen to young voices from around the world, get inspired and engage with one another.

If you wish to be part of the next CPLP Talks on 1 May 2021 at 1:00 pm GMT and share your thoughts and feelings on the topic of gender and safety you can sign up here:

 

REGISTER HERE

 

 

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A conversation between men around gender and safety

15/04/2021
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The CPLP Talks team convened a dialogue space, where we asked men for their perspective on how we all can contribute to building a sense of safety for everyone within our communities. The dialogue was underpinned by the tragic attacks on women across the world. We share some of what was said below.

 

Tinotenda Mhungu

Tinotenda Mhungu, Zimbabwe

I am a product of patriarchy. My normal was to expect respect purely on the basis of being a man. My entire upbringing was based on being located in a position of privilege, because I was a man.

This comes to me with a sense of guilt. I feel sorry when I speak or act in a manner which carries historical grief and pain for women, as a result of the pedestal that was built for me to stand on as a man. I feel sad for the many instances where women continue to have to fight for safety. I however feel a sense of hope, because every day, I am confronted with a choice, and hence an opportunity to do better, to learn more.

 

Antoine Chelala

Antoine Chelala, Lebanon

As a man, I am proud of my upbringing and education around amazing girls and women who helped me shape my personality and how I see the world. Thanks to the female perspective, I am better able to understand the gender dynamics of our society.

Open conversations with female friends have shown me the advantages that the patriarchal society grants me and helped me understand that I have a role in fighting gender inequality. Most of the time, I am confident enough to defend this cause and break the cycle of toxic masculinity. However, I sometimes betray the better man in me: I am not always brave enough to call out a sexist joke. Sometimes I laugh awkwardly at a joke that does not align with my values. I also find it difficult to reshape locker room talk.

I believe that it is important to have safe spaces where men can talk about their worries, share their feelings and celebrate their successes. This space can easily turn into a toxic masculine space that degrades women in an unacceptable way. I am convinced that my responsibility is to take the role of party pooper and stand up for my morals. These spaces must be made safe, so that safety can spread within our community.

 

Sebastian Hasse

Sebastian Hasse, Germany

Time and again, I am surprised by the difficulties that women face in the world just because of their gender. And I understand that I need to be more aware of these difficulties. At the same time, I think that we are living in a world where a small group of rich Alpha males control almost everything.

Most men and woman seem to suffer from that. Knowing that I am not and do not want to be an Alpha male I feel helpless about it. But through speaking out and acknowledging the discrimination that is happening, we can be a good example to others and begin to breed a change in behaviour and in character.

 

Omar Madani

Omar Madani, Syria

I believe that all men who advocate for gender equality feel guilty about the inequality that our male ancestors have practised towards women throughout history. As men who respect and honour women today, we may be considered  innocent, but because we share our ancestors’ masculine identity, we have a responsibility to correct what has happened in the past. Gender equality is the natural and healthy path that individuals must follow in order to build a harmonious and productive society.

 

 

You would like to read more on this topic? Discover Temantungwa's article All I could think was 'Am I safe?'

 

_______________________________________________________________________

 

The Caux Peace and Leadership Talks (CPLP Talks) are an online space where stories can be shared and connections made. This series is hosted and facilitated by the Caux Peace and Leadership Programme Alumni as a two-way discussion. It offers an opportunity to listen to young voices from around the world, get inspired and engage with one another.

If you wish to be part of the next CPLP Talks on 1 May 2021 at 1:00 pm GMT and share your thoughts and feelings on the topic of gender and safety you can sign up here:

 

REGISTER HERE

 

 

Photo top: Paula Mariane

 

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1956 – The Zellers: A family invested in Caux

By Eliane Stallybrass

13/04/2021
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By Eliane Stallybrass

 

The 10th anniversary of the Moral Re-Armament (now Initiatives of Change) conference centre in Caux was a big moment for Eugen and Anneli Zeller. ‘We had the great joy of deciding to sell our house and give the money to Caux,’ Anneli told the conference on the 29 July 1956. ‘The man we sold it to was so impressed that he gave 10,000 Swiss francs to Caux as well.’ It was an elegant villa in the centre of Zurich. They were already living in a flat in order to let people who worked full time for Moral Re-Armament (MRA) live in their house.

We had the great joy of deciding to sell our house and give the money to Caux.

Eugen Zeller was a school teacher, with a reputation for being rather strict. In 1946, he had invited a number of his pupils to help with the preparations for the opening of Caux. At least two of them – Rita Fankhauser and Suzy de Montmollin – later decided to spend their lives working with Moral Re-Armament.

Eugen and Anneli’s three children, Berti, Hildi and Robi, also worked with MRA and became familiar faces in Caux over the next six decades.

 

Berti, Robert and Hildi Zeller
Berti, Robert and Hildi Zeller

Berti Zeller spent a lot of time in Rome, introducing the ideas of Caux to Italians – working with colleagues from Britain, who, to her mystification, insisted on serving Yorkshire pudding to their guests on Sundays. She then looked after her parents for the last years of their lives.

When they died, she joined the team which bought and managed the food stocks for the Caux conferences, often catering for 800 to 1,000 people at a time. She was a gentle person, but could be quite outspoken: ‘She would tell me what she thought I needed to hear,’ one of her colleagues told me.

 

Zeller family, Robert
Robert Zeller in his sound studio

 

Robert Zeller, known to his friends as Robi, was a sound technician. He had his own electronics firm where he did a lot of editing and transferring tapes and songs from the Caux conferences. Earlier he helped to build the film studio at the Moral Re-Armament centre on Mackinac Island, in the United States, where a number of MRA films were produced. Back in Caux, he helped to construct and maintain the sound equipment and translation cabins, above the meeting hall.

Hildi Zeller worked with MRA in South Africa, France, America, Canada and other countries, before coming home to settle in Switzerland. She took charge of the baking kitchen in the conference centre in Caux, producing delicious cakes for tea and delighting in teaching groups of children how to make them. She was also the flower lady, arranging big bouquets in the main hall and elsewhere.

 

Hildi and children in the baking kitchen
Hildi and children in the baking kitchen

 

In her later years, she lived in a little flat in a chalet not far from the conference centre and invited countless people to tea, with the inevitable home-baked cookies. She put together 25 albums of photos, leaving a mine of information, which are now on their way to the archives.

When Cornelio Sommaruga became the President of the Caux foundation, he spoke of coming to Caux for a meeting of the Council, and meeting a little old lady in the train. They started to talk and she invited him to tea and told him something of the history of Caux.

It was Hildi Zeller.

 

Hildi in the baking kitchen
Hildi (centre) and some of her colleagues in the baking kitchen

 

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 

This story is part of our series 75 Years of Stories about individuals who found new direction and inspiration through Caux, one for each year from 1946 to 2021. If you know a story appropriate for this series, please do pass on your ideas by email to John Bond or Yara Zhgeib. If you would like to know more about the early years of Initiatives of Change and the conference centre in Caux please click here and visit the platform For A New World.

 

  • Photo top, Robert, group photo: Zeller family
  • Photo Hildi in baking kitchen: Arne Rogge
  • Photo Hildi with children: Initiatives of Change

 

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1955 - Freedom: 'Do you think you could write a play?'

By Mary Lean

12/04/2021
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By Mary Lean

 

After a week at the Caux conference centre in July 1955, the African delegation was ready to move on. They told their hosts, ‘We’ve enjoyed Caux. Now will you please arrange for us to see more of Europe?’

The next morning, 28 July, the founder of Initiatives of Change (then called Moral Re-Armament), Frank Buchman, called the group together. They came from several countries, most of them struggling for independence, and included politicians, trade union leaders, business people and students. ‘I spent much of last night in Africa in my thoughts,’ Buchman told them. ‘Africa is not meant to be torn apart between East and West, but to speak to both East and West with an answer. I think that it may come in the form of a play. Do you think you could write a play?’

Africa is not meant to be torn apart.

‘Thirty of us Africans met after lunch,’ remembered Ifoghale Amata, a young Nigerian graduate. ‘Soon we started quarrelling about what should go into the play. Then someone called for a time of quiet.’ When they pooled their thoughts, they found they had the skeleton of a plot.

Freedom John Ifoghale Amata portrait
Ifoghale Amata
Freedom Manasse Moerane
Manasseh Moerane

Manasseh Moerane, a South African teachers’ leader, Abay-Ifaa Karbo from Kenya and Amata volunteered to write an act each. Next morning they read their drafts to the rest of the group and by five o’clock they told Buchman they had a finished play. 

A week later, on 5 August, the Africans presented the play in the Caux theatre, with Amata and Moerane playing barnstorming roles as the leaders of two political factions in an African nation on the verge of independence.

The play shows change of heart bringing unity between people divided by ideology, personality and tribe. This disarms the prejudices of the arrogant colonial governor, and eases the country’s path to freedom.

We were catapulted into history.

Buchman promptly announced that the play, which they called Freedom, would be presented in London the next week. ‘We were catapulted into history,’ said Moerane. ‘Within a few months Freedom was seen by 30,000 Europeans in London, Paris, Bonn, Berne, Geneva, Helsinki, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Oslo and Milan. Demand was so great that we decided to make a film.’

 

Freedom scene with Jardine (right)
Scene with Lionel Jardine (right)

 

Freedom filming
Film crew

Filming took place in Nigeria in 1956. Over 2,000 people contributed money. Some of the actors and crew gave up their jobs to take part, without pay. The actors came from all over Africa, apart from a retired British colonial administrator, Lionel Jardine, who took the role of the governor.

The cameramen were both from Scandianvia: the Swede Rikhard Tegström, who had worked for Disney, and Aimo Jäderholm from Finland, who was contracted to Suomi Filmi, Finland’s biggest film company. One scene involved a canoe race, with 10,000 extras.

‘Much of the filming had to be done at night because of the heat and noise,’ wrote director’s assistant, Loël Ferreira. ‘Film was kept in a cold room in a butcher shop to prevent expansion in the heat and was flown back to London for processing.’ 

Freedom is thought to have been the first full-length feature film written and acted by Africans and filmed in Africa. It was dubbed into many languages and shown all over the world. In Kenya, alone, a million people saw it in the run-up to independence in 1963.

 

Freedom team cropped in Kiruna
The cast and company of Freedom in Kiruna, Sweden, wearing army clothes they were given against the cold

After the apology, what?

Wherever Freedom was seen, it impacted people’s lives, with lasting consequences. Robert Webb, a young journalist in Jackson, Mississippi, saw it at a conference in 1957. He wrote later that it drove ‘a stake into my racist heart’.

After the film he apologized to ‘the first black person I saw’ who happened to be African. ‘I will never forget his response: “After the apology, what?” I have been trying to answer that question ever since.’

Webb went on to a distinguished career on the Cincinatti Enquirer. When he died in 2018, his obituary spoke of his ‘vision for journalism as a force that could help heal the deepest hurts and bridge the most bitter divides’.  

 

________________________________________________________________________

 

Watch the full film here.

 

Watch a video on the film opening of Freedom in Los Angeles 1961.

 

 

________________________________________________________________________

 

This story is part of our series 75 Years of Stories about individuals who found new direction and inspiration through Caux, one for each year from 1946 to 2021. If you know a story appropriate for this series, please do pass on your ideas by email to John Bond or Yara Zhgeib. If you would like to know more about the early years of Initiatives of Change and the conference centre in Caux please click here and visit the platform For A New World.

 

  • Film Freedom: Initiatives of Change & For a New World Archives
  • Film opening of Freedom in Los Angeles 1961: Initiatives of Change & For a New World Archives
  • Photos: Initiatives of Change & For a New World Archives

 

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